With highest rate of incidence in men, as result of minimal sport effort on one foot without „warm-up”, involving rapid acceleration or sudden deceleration. The mechanism of the injury is most of the times indirect, or, rarely, direct, through traumatism.

Frequent among young people, as results of work or sports accidents. Are caused by a fall on the shoulder, with violent contracture of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles, dislocating the joint.

Is one of the most common lesions of the knee. It occurs following traumatisms from sport activities or wrong step.

Represents the pathological processes following a local vascularization disorder. It is localized in epiphysis, apophysis or small bone and occurs either during growth or when the bone is already adult.

Can develop from the multitude of tissues that make up the bone as an organ and can be both malignant, and benign. They are classified according to several criteria, depending on the tissue of origin, histological type, radiological aspect and clinical evolution

Cartilage lesion consists of the destruction of the joint cartilage surface. Articular cartilage damage can lead to a painful joint and reduced mobility.

Frequent due to the superficial position of the clavicle and its role of „buffer” between the thorax and the abdomen. The mechanism of such injuries is either indirect – fall on shoulder or on hand, or direct– blow with a blunt item.

Known as a childhood affliction, determined by an abnormal development of the hip joint and influenced by various factors.

The femoral neck represents the area between the femoral head and the pertrochanteric region. It is a disease with high rate of incidence in elderly people, particularly women suffering from osteoporosis. The recommended course of treatment for femoral neck fracture is the surgical one.

Knee arthrosis is a degenerative disease of the knee, characterized by the progressive wear and tear of the cartilage until its disappearance in the areas of maximum pressure, a painful evolution and functional impotence. Gonarthrosis is the result of a functional imbalance between structural joint resistance and the pressure applied on them.

Deformity characterized by a metatarsal –phalanx arthrosis of the big toe, with no associated deviation from the second toe.

Common deformity of the foot, characterized by outward deviation of the big toe.

A deformity with dorsiflexion of the proximal phalanx, with plantar flexion of the second phalanx, while the distal phalanx takes a position in flexion with apical hyperkeratosis.

The avascular necrosis of the femoral head is not just a mere disorder, but a pathological process located uni- or bilaterally, slow or fast, considered to appear after an affliction of the bone circulation, significant enough to determine the death of the bone and bone marrow cells.

Are osteocartilaginous fragments floating inside the knee. They generate blockages, pain, snapping noises.

Genu varum (deviation of the knee in an inward angulation from the mechanical axis of the pelvic limb), genu valgum (the mechanical axis of the pelvic limb passes outward from the knee describing a smaller angle than the normal, the knee being positioned inward).

Is a traumatic lesion of the capsular-ligament knee joint, generated by sudden and violent move, accompanied or not by lesions of the joint meniscus. It is rated second as incidence, following the ankle sprain, considered more sever though, as it develops complex lesions.

The meniscus tear is usually caused by a rotation or sudden twist of the knee in bent position.

he traumatic patellar dislocation consists is when the knee cap slips out of the patello-femoral groove, as a result of a traumatism. In most cases, the mechanism of the injury is direct, by outward blow to the kneecap.

Is frequent among persons who practice sports like running and jumping.

Fractures of the trochanter are polyaethiological, with numerous causes which can lead to falls or accidents. In younger patients, fractures tend to be associated with high energy traumas or metastatic bone diseases. In older patients however, the main cause is the decrease of the bone density, therefore the fracture can originate from a simple fall.

PCL is the stronger of the two cruciate ligaments of the knee. PCL tears are rarer and have a low frequency rate. Usually they occur simultaneously with other ligament and soft tissue tears and are the result of a knee injury in bent position.

It is a chronic arthropathy determined by general or local factors, which produce structural joint changes, morphologically characterized by destructive cartilage alteration, associated with bone tissue lesions. It is a multiple aetiology disease, popular over the age of 40. It becomes more frequent with age, for both genders.

Represents a common complication of the femoral neck fracture. The cause for pseudo-arthrosis is thought to be an affliction of the vascularization of the femoral head and neck as result of the traumatism or of the imperfections of the surgical treatment.

Is a quite rare affliction and requires fast diagnosis and corrective surgery. It causes intense kneecap pain and impossibility of stretching the leg.

Caused by a fall on the shoulder, elbow or hand, in abduction and rotation position of the arm.

Stage 4 avascular necrosis of the femoral head, Rheumatoid polyarthritis, Pelvic ankylosing spondylitis, Sequelae of juvenile osteochondrosis, sequelae of hip fracture or traumatic coxofemoral luxation, Dislocation of the hip in the stage of arthrosis, as a special feature, the malignant tumours of the upper extremity of the femur.

Particular susceptibility to dislocation and subluxation of the shoulder– syndromes of instability and recurring dislocation are a consequence of capsular-ligament or shoulder bone traumatisms.

Inflammations of the insertions on the bone of the ligaments and tendons

Tendinitis consists of the inflammation or swelling of the tendons around the knee and is caused by a sudden movement of the joint.

Tibial plateau fracture – Frequent at an active age (between 30 and 60) and the mechanism of the injury is either direct (rarely), or indirect, like falling from a height.

Is when the femoral head comes out of the cotyloid cavity, as result of an accident, mostly violent. Most of the times, the dislocation is associated with the fracture of the acetabulum. In both cases, radiology is necessary. Reduction is the recommended course of treatment, as early as possible after the occurrence, to prevent early and subsequent complications, as well as to achieve the best possible results.